Surface Microscopy with Low Energy Electrons

Chapter 1. IntroductionAbstract1.1. The early years 1.2. The postwar revival References Chapter 2. Basic InteractionsAbstract2.1 Fundamental theories of electron emission2.2 Photoemission2.2.1 General considerations2.2.2 The free electron gas approximation2.2.3 Band structure UV photoemission2.2.4 Spin effects in UV photoemission2.2.5 Surface plasmon photoemission2.2.6 X-ray photoemission2.2.6.1 Photoelectron emission2.2.6.2 Secondary electron emission2.3 Electron reflection2.3.1 General considerations2.3.2 Elastic scattering2.3.3 Inelastic scattering2.3.4 Surface effects2.3.5 VLEED, LEETS, TCS2.3.6 Quantum well effects2.3.7 Other aspectsReferencesChapter 3. InstrumentationAbstract3.1 Instruments: from simple to complex3.1.1 PEEM3.1.2 LEEM3.1.3 Aberration-corrected instruments3.1.4 Spectroscopic imaging instruments3.1.5 Spin-resolved imaging instruments3.2 Components3.2.1 Objective lens and other axial-symmetric lenses3.2.2 Magnetic deflectors3.2.3 Electron mirrors3.2.4 Aberration correctors3.2.5 Energy filters3.2.6 Wien filters3.2.7 Photon sources3.2.8 Electron sources3.2.9 Other components (image detectors vacuum system including airlock and specimen preparation chamber, electronics)ReferencesChapter 4. Theory of image formationAbstract4.1 Introduction4.2 Wave propagation: The contrast transfer function4.2.1 Low energy electron microscopy. The wave amplitude|4.2.2 The image intensity4.2.3 Mirror electron microscopy4.2.4 Emission electron microscopy4.3 Through-focus series image improvement4.4 Information transfer in the image acquisition system4.5 Summary and outlookReferencesChapter 5. Applications in surface scienceAbstract5.1 Surface microstructure5.1.1 Metals5.1.2 Semiconductors5.1.2.1 Si(111)5.1.2.2 Si(100)5.1.2.3 Other Si surfaces5.1.3 Other inorganic semiconductor surfaces5.1.4 Other inorganic compound surfaces5.2 Adsorption5.2.1 Adsorption on metals5.2.1.1 Nonmetallic adsorbates5.2.1.2 Coadsorption and reaction: catalysis5.2.1.3 Metallic adsorbates5.2.2 Adsorption on Semiconductors5.2.2.1 Metallic adsorbates5.2.2.2 Nonmetallic adsorbates5.3 Film growth and structure5.3.1 Films on semiconductors5.3.1.1 Metal films5.3.1.2 Ge on Si5.3.1.3 Other films on semiconductors5.3.1.4 Nanostructures and droplets on semiconductors5.3.2 Films on metals5.3.2.1 Metal films5.3.2.2 Inorganic compound films5.3.3 Organic filmsReferencesChapter 6. Applications in other fieldsAbstract6.1 Graphene6.1.1 Introduction6.1.2 Graphene on SiC6.1.2.1 Growth and microstructure6.1.2.2 Intercalation6.1.3 Graphene on metals6.1.3.1 Introduction6.1.3.2 Growth and microstructure6.1.3.3 Intercalation6.2 Plasmons6.2.1 Introduction6.2.2 Linear structures6.2.3 Nanostructures6.2.4 Complex wave fields6.2.5 Limitations6.3 Technological applications6.3.1 General materials applications6.3.2 Electronics6.4 Biology6.5 A multimethod case studyReferencesChapter 7. Magnetic imagingAbstract7.1 Introduction7.2 Ferromagnetic films7.2.1 Single layers7.2.2 Quantum well effects7.2.3 Bilayers7.2.4 Trilayers7.2.5 Multilayers7.2.6 Compound layers7.3 Bulk magnetic materials7.3.1 Ferromagnetic materials7.3.2 Antiferromagnetic materials7.4 Ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic interfaces7.5 Nanostructures7.5.1 Introduction7.5.2 Static domain structure7.5.3 Field and current influence7.5.4 Nanodots and nanostructure arrays7.6. Ferroelectrics / Multiferroics7.6.1 Ferroelectries7.6.2 MultiferroicsChapter 8. Other surface imaging methods with electronsAbstract8.1 Scanning Low Energy Electron Microscopy8.2 Scanning Low Energy Electron Diffraction Microscopy8.3 Reflection Electron Microscopy8.4 Secondary and Auger Electron Microscopy8.5 Scanning Electron Microscopy with Spin Analysis8.6 Scanning Photoelectron Emission Microscopy8.7 Concluding remarks... Mehr