Scope and future of laparoscopic reconstructive urology.- technical advances in the instrumentation for entry.- retroperitoneoscopy.- hemostatic devices.- robotic laparoscopic pyeloplasty.- viz-duplex system.- ureterocalicostomy.- laparoscopic heminephrectomy.- renal cysts.- large renal pelvic stone.- partial nephrectomy.- retrocaval ureter and ureteric stricture.- ureteric reimplantation.- transvesical reimplantation for vur.- boari flap ureteric reimplantation.- impacted ureteric stones.- laparoscopic... Mehr