Leukolysins and Cancer

1. Biology and Biochemistry.- 1. The Interferons.- 2. Lymphotoxin.- 3. TNF.- 4. Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxic Factor (NKCF).- 5. Leukoregulin.- 6. Macrophage Cytotoxic Factors.- 7. Cytolysin.- References.- Cytolytic Pore-Forming Proteins.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Entamoeba histolytica.- 2.1. Contact-Dependent Cytolysis Produced by Amebae.- 2.2. Properties of the Pore-Forming Protein Isolated from Amebae.- 3. Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes and NK-Like Cells.- 3.1. Nature of Cytolysis Mediated by CTLs and NK Cells.- 3.2. Cytolytic Granules from Effector Cells.- 3.3. Properties of the Pore-Forming Protein Isolated from Granules.- 4. Eosinophils.- 4.1. Eosinophils Mediate Cell Killing by a Contact-Dependent Mechanism.- 4.2. Eosinophil Cationic Protein as a Pore-Forming Protein.- 5. Complement Cascade and the Ninth Component of Complement.- 5.1. Polymerization of C9 into Functional and Structural Ion Channels.- 5.2. Relationship Between C9 and Pore-Forming Protein from Lymphocytes.- 6. Conclusion.- References.- Cytolysin: Its Purification, Biological Properties, and Mechanisms of Action.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Isolation of Cytolytic Granules and Purification of Cytolysin.- 3. Biological Properties of Cytolysin.- 4. Mechanism of Action.- 5. Summary.- References.- Monocyte Cytotoxic Factors.- Triggering of a Cytolytic Factor with TNF-Like Activity From Human Monocytes.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Results and Discussion.- 2.1. Role of LPS as a Critical Signal for Triggering Monocyte-Mediated Cytotoxicity.- 2.2. Monocyte Killing of Wehi/D Is Contact-Dependent and Cytolytic Factor Is TNF-Like.- 2.3. Target-Cell Selectivity and Capacity to Induce CM Production in Monocytes.- References.- Antitumor Monocyte Cytotoxic Factors (MCF) Produced by Human Blood Monocytes: Production, Characterization, and Biological Significance.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Generation of MCF.- 2.1. Cells Involved in MCF Production and Release.- 2.2. Optimal Conditions for MCF Generation.- 2.3. Augmentation of MCF Generation.- 3. Lytic Activity of MCF.- 3.1. Kinetics of Lysis.- 3.2. Augmentation of MCF-Mediated Lysis by Actinomycin D.- 3.3. Enhancement of MCF Activity by IFN.- 4. Biochemical and Biophysical Characteristics of MCF.- 4.1. Temperature Stability of MCF.- 4.2. Sensitivity of MCF to Proteolytic Enzyme.- 4.3. Effect of Protease Inhibitors on MCF Activity.- 4.4. Other Physicochemical Characteristics of MCF.- 5. Biological Significance of MCF.- 5.1. Target Cell Specificity of MCF.- 5.2. Biological Role of MCF in Human Neoplasia.- 6. Conclusion.- References.- Antiproliferative Effects of Interferon.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Structure of Interferon.- 2.1. Gene Structure.- 2.2. Protein Structure.- 3. Interferon Receptors.- 3.1. Types and Affinities of Receptors.- 3.2. Receptor Interactions with the Cytoskeleton.- 4. Mechanisms of Action.- 4.1. Intracellular Messengers.- 4.2. Alterations in Gene Expression.- 4.3. Cell Cycle Progression.- 5. In Vitro Antiproliferative Effects.- 5.1. Assays for Interferon Activity.- 5.2. Cells Inhibited by Interferon.- 5.3. Differentiation Affected by Interferon.- 5.4. Interferon Synergisms.- 6. Structure-Function Relationships.- 7. In Vivo Tumor Biology.- 7.1. Antibodies to Interferon.- 7.2. Interferon-Resistant Tumors.- 7.3. Xenografts in Nude Mice.- 7.4. Direct vs. Indirect Effects.- 8. Conclusion.- References.- Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxic Factor.- Human and Rodent Natural Killer Cytotoxic Factors (NKCF): Characterization and Their Role in the NK Lytic Mechanism.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Materials and Methods.- 2.1. Production of NKCF.- 2.2. Assay of NKCF.- 3. Results and Discussion.- 3.1. NK Cells Produce NKCF.- 3.2. Mechanism of NKCF Release and Its Regulation.- 3.3. Mechanism of Action of NKCF.- 3.4. Properties That Determine NK Sensitivity in a Tumor Cell Line.- 3.5. Biochemical Characterization of NKCF.- 3.6. Relationship of NKCF to Other Cytotoxins.- 4. Concluding Remarks.- References.- Human Natural Killer Cytotoxic Factor (NKCF): Relevance... Mehr