Campylobacter spp. and Related Organisms in Poultry

Chapter 1 About the Campylobacter spp Belchiolina Beatriz Fonseca, Heriberto Fernandez, Daise Aparecida Rossi, Patrícia Giovana Hoepers, Roberta Torres de Melo Members of the Campylobacter genus are gram-negative, microaerophilic, small bacillus with a polar flagellum. Their movement has a typical corkscrew characteristic. There are many species associated with different diseases. This chapter describes the taxonomy, genetic structure and general characteristics of the Campylobacter genus focusing on thermophilic species and/or those that colonize the intestinal tract of birds. Chapter 2 Isolation and identification of Campylobacter spp. in poultry Omar A. Oyarzabal and Heriberto Fernández Poultry products, especially chicken meat, continue to be important sources of campylobacteriosis in humans. This chapter reviews the current methods used for the isolation and identification of Campylobacter spp. from chicken products. Emphasis is placed on the enrichment protocols, the plate media that are most costly efficient for isolation purposes and the current approaches to identification of isolates to the genus or species level. The current methodology used in some South American countries to detect Campylobacter spp. from poultry products is also summarized. Chapter 3 Colonization of Campylobacter jejuni in poultry Bel chiolina Beatriz Fonseca, Álvaro Ferreira Junior, Gustavo Medina, Marcelo Emilio Beletti, Eliane Pereira Mendonça Campylobacter jejuni colonizes the poultry intestinal tract in high quantity and can establish a commensal behavior in the host. However, it has been suggested a pathogenic behavior of C. jejuni in chickens. Pathogen-associated virulence factors and host immune res ponse can influence the chicken intestinal colonization and the pathological and clinical manifestations. This article describes the main structures involved during the colonization of C. jejuni in poultry and the possible consequences of the pathogen and host interactions for poultry. Chapter 4 Immune response after Campylobacter infection in poultry Álvaro Ferreira Junior, Edson Campos Valadares Junior, Belchiolina Beatriz Fonseca This chapter describes about the host immune responses against Campylobacter spp. We compare chicken and mammal host innate and acquired immune response against the bacterium. In addition, we describe the role of maternal antibody protection in offspring's early life. We present the intriguing phenomena of pathogen and host relationship and the apparent post-infection host immune tolerance. In this context, some questions should be highlighted: are the control procedures for Campylobacter jejuni-infection in chickens relevant to reduce C. jejuni-infection in human hosts? Are the currentl y used C. jejuni-vaccines protective against the chicken infection? Is an alternative procedure the administration of passive oral immunization using powdered antibodies to control chicken and human C. jejuni infection? We also discusses about the possible potential of antigenic targets to the vaccine production. Chapter 5 Campylobacter-host cell interactions Claudio Silva, Marlus Alves Santos, Flávia Alves Martins This chapter begins with a historical background of evolutionary origin of the cells since the emergence addressing the endosymbiosis theory by which prokaryotes gave rise to the first eukaryotic cells, describes the relationship between existing cell types that may have evolved with predation to mutualism or parasitism. Also, discuss some interactions between parasitic unicellular organisms and its cell host, taking into account the dynamic actin cytoskeleton and the immune response resulting from the invasion. Finally analyses the case of C. jejuni, its types of invasion routes, intracellular traffic, virulence factors and colonization of poultry cells. Chapter 6 Epidemiology of Campylobacter spp. in farms Eliane Pereira Mendonça, Belchiolina Beatriz Fonseca, Guilherme Paz Monteiro Chi... Mehr