UV-A: Biological Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation with Emphasis on Human Responses to Longwave Ultra

1 The Spectrum of Electromagnetic Radiation: UV-A in Perspective.- 2 Sources of UV-A.- Solar Ultraviolet Radiation.- Summary.- Artificial Sources of UV-A.- Ultraviolet Spectral Transmission and Reflection of Common Materials.- References.- 3 Radiometry of Ultraviolet Radiation.- and General Considerations of Radiometry.- Detectors.- Spectral Filters and Input Optics.- Appendix: U.S. Manufacturers of UV-Related Instrumentation.- 4 Optical Properties of the Skin and Eyes.- Structure of the Skin.- Factors Affecting Penetration and Absorption of Ultraviolet Radiation in the Skin.- Measurements of the Penetration and Reflection of Optical Radiation in Skin.- Ultraviolet Optics for the Eye.- References.- 5 Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on Microorganisms and Animal Cells.- Effect of Ultraviolet on Cells.- DNA Repair.- Effects of UV-A.- Summary.- References.- 6 Immediate and Short-Term Biologic Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on Normal Skin.- Erythema.- Histology.- UV and Epidermal Macromolecular Synthesis.- Effects of UV-A on Mucous Membrane.- Tanning.- References.- 7 Adverse Cutaneous Reactions to UV-A.- Chemical Photosensitivity.- Persistent Light Reactivity.- Actinic Reticuloid.- Polymorphous Light Eruption.- Solar Urticaria.- Porphyrias and Other Endogenous Photosensitization Syndromes.- Melasma and Ephelides.- Management of U V-A-Induced Dermatoses.- References.- 8 Skin Aging and Carcinogenesis Due to Ultraviolet Radiation.- Incidence of Skin Cancers in Man.- Epidemiologic Evidence Supporting the Role of Sunlight.- Mechanisms of UV Carcinogenesis.- Action Spectrum of Animal Photocarcinogenesis and the Carcinogenic Effects of UV-A.- Other Factors Influencing or Associated with Development of Skin Cancer.- Ultraviolet Radiation and Aging.- References.- 9 Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on the Eye.- Morphology and Histology of the Cornea and the Lens.- Histologic Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation.- Action Spectrum of Ocular Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation.- Corneal and Lenticular Effects of Longwave Ultraviolet Radiation.- Effects of U V-A in the Retina.- The Ocular Effects of UV-A Exposure in the Presence of Photosensitizing Compounds (Psoralens).- Summary: UV-A Exposure of the Eye.- References.- 10 Uses of UV-A Involving Exposure of Humans.- Therapeutic Uses of Ultraviolet Radiation.- Ultraviolet Treatment of Psoriasis.- Photochemotherapy.- Oral Psoralen Photochemotherapy.- UV-A-Activated Polymerization of Resinous Dental Restorations.- Diagnostic Uses of UV-A.- References.- 11 Safety Measures and Protection Against Ultraviolet Exposure.- Ultraviolet Exposure Safety Standards.- Sunscreens.- Eye Protection against Ultraviolet Radiation.- References.... Mehr