Open Tubular Columns in Gas Chromatography

First Part. Introduction.- 1.1 Origins.- 1.2 Nomenclature.- 1.3 Terms and Definitions.- 1.31 Characterization of a Peak.- 1.32 The Partition Process.- 1.33 Peak Separation.- 1.34 Column Efficiency.- 1.35 Flow Rate and Gas Velocity.- Second Part. Theory and Practice.- 2.1 The Basic Golay Equation.- 2.2 Practical Conclusions from the Golay Equation.- 2.21 Column Efficiency.- 2.22 Carrier Gas Flow.- 2.23 Selection of Carrier Gas.- 2.24 Liquid-Film Thickness.- 2.3 Comparison with Packed Columns.- 2.31 Influence of the ? Values on Column Characteristics.- 2.32 Changes in the Necessary Column Efficiency.- 2.321 Number of Theoretical Plates Required at Various ? and k Values.- 2.322 Comparison of the Two Column Types.- 2.323 Examples.- 2.323.1 Analysis of p/m-Xylenes.- 2.323.2 Analysis of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters.- 2.33 Influence of Column Permeability.- 2.331 Specific Permeability.- 2.332 Correlation Between Specific Permeability and Pressure Drop Through the Column.- 2.333 Comparison of Practical Columns.- 2.34 The Performance Index.- 2.35 Modified Expressions Related to the Plate Number Concept.- 2.351 Number of Effective Plates.- 2.352 Height Equivalent to One Effective Plate.- 2.353 Modified Expression for the Number of Theoretical Plates.- 2.354 Resolution Factor.- 2.36 Practical Applications.- 2.4 The Influence of Temperature.- 2.5 Sample Capacity.- 2.6 Open Tubular Columns of Various Diameters.- Third Part. Preparation of Open Tubular Columns.- 3.1 Tubing.- 3.11 Plastic Tubing.- 3.12 Glass Tubing.- 3.13 Metal Tubing.- 3.2 Coating of the Column Tubing.- 3.21 Cleaning of the Column Tubing.- 3.22 Dynamic Coating Method.- 3.221 Volume of Coating Solution Larger Than the Volume of Tubing.- 3.222 Plug Method.- 3.23 Static Coating Method.- 3.24 Elimination of the Secondary Adsorption Effects of Column Tubing.- 3.25 Column Conditioning and Storage.- 3.26 Recoating of Open Tubular Columns.- 3.3 Testing of Open Tubular Columns.- 3.31 The Use of the "Polarity Mixture" for Testing.- 3.32 Determination of the "Air Peak" Time.- 3.4 Increase of the Inside Surface Area of the Column Tubing.- 3.41 Chemical Treatment of the Inside Wall of the Tubing.- 3.42 Deposition of a Porous Support Layer on the Inside Wall of the Tubing.- 3.5 Adsorption-Type Open Tubular Columns.- 3.51 Plating Methods.- 3.52 Adsorption Columns with Chemically Modified Inside Wall.- 3.53 Open Tubular Columns Coated with an Adsorptive Layer.- 3.54 Modification of the Van Deemter-Golay Equation for Open Tubular Adsorption Columns.- Fourth Part. The Gas Chromatographic System.- 4.1 Sample Introduction.- 4.11 Sample Introduction Systems.- 4.12 Split Systems.- 4.121 Dynamic Splitting.- 4.122 Static Splitting.- 4.2 The Pneumatic System.- 4.21 Carrier Gas Regulation.- 4.22 Connecting Tubes.- 4.3 Column Heating.- 4.31 Isothermal Operation.- 4.32 Programmed-Temperature Operation.- 4.33 Applications of Temperature-Programmed Open Tubular Columns.- 4.34 Compensation of Liquid-Phase Bleeding During Temperature Programming.- 4.4 Detection and Recording.- 4.41 Commonly Used Detectors.- 4.42 Auxiliary Detectors.- 4.43 Recording Systems.- Fifth Part. Bibliography.- Sixth Part. Supplements.- 6.1 Calculation of the "Air Peak" Time.- 6.11 The Method of Peterson and Hirsch.- 6.12 The Method of Gold.- 6.2 Instrumentation.... Mehr