Microneedles for Transdermal Drug Delivery

Preface CHAPTER 1 - Introduction & Literature review1.1 Drug delivery through the skin 1.2 Skin as a route for drug delivery: anatomy and challenges 1.3 Literature Review 1.3.1 Drug delivery systems 1.3.2 Routes of drug delivery 1.3.3 Mechanisms of drug absorption through skin 1.3.4 Microneedles as a method of drug delivery through the skin 1.3.5 Microneedles: development and current status 1.3.6 Testing of drug penetration through the skin 1.3.7 Static diffusion cells CHAPTER 2 - Materials & Methods 2.1 Materials 2.2 A simple method of making microneedle patches for drug delivery through the skin 2.2.1 Coating of glass coverslips 2.2.2 Making of microneedle backing layers 2.2.3 Making microneedle shafts 2.2.4 Microneedle insertion in pig skin 2.2.5 Encapsulation of a sample drug and testing 2.2.6 Drug penetration through rat skin following the use of microneedle 2.3 Protein encapsulation in microneedles by photolithography 2.3.1 Making and characterization of polymeric microneedles 2.3.2 Incorporation and protein distribution in microneedles 2.3.3 Stability tests for protein in microneedles 2.3.4 Release of protein from microneedles 2.3.5 Protein penetration through rat skin2.3.6 Testing of toxicity of coated microneedles to human cells 2.4 Microneedle skin patch for fast onset and long-lasting delivery of painkillers 2.4.1 Making microneedle skin patch 2.4.2 Drug encapsulation in microneedle skin patch 2.4.3 Mechanical strength of microneedles 2.4.4 Test of painkiller release from microneedles 2.4.5 Painkiller penetration through rat skin 2.4.6 Measurement of painkiller concentration 2.4.7 Interaction between microneedle material and painkiller2.5 Using microneedle patch to deliver collagen through the skin 2.5.1 Making photomask with embedded microlenses 2.5.2 Making microneedle shafts 2.5.3 Making microneedle backing layer 2.5.4 Microneedle fracture force testing 2.5.5 Sharp microneedle penetration in the skin 2.5.6 Collagen penetration through skin CHAPTER 3 - A Simple Method of Microneedle Array Fabrication for Transdermal Drug Delivery 3.1 Overview 3.2 Results 3.2.1 Effect of UV light on microneedles 3.2.2 Effect of spacer thickness on microneedles 3.2.3 Microneedle penetration in pig skin 3.2.4 Encapsulation in and drug release from microneedles 3.2.5 Drug penetration through rat skin 3.3 Discussion 3.4 Summary CHAPTER 4 - Protein Encapsulation in Polymeric Microneedles by Photolithography 4.1 Overview 4.2 Results 4.2.1 Formation and characterization of microneedles 4.2.2 Incorporation and uniform drug distribution in microneedles 4.2.3 Stability tests for protein in microneedles4.2.4 Release of protein from microneedles 4.2.5 Drug penetration through rat skin 4.2.6 Compatibility of microneedles with living tissues 4.3 Discussion 4.4 Summary CHAPTER 5 - Microneedle Patch for Fast Onset and Long-lasting Delivery of Painkillers 5.1 Overview 5.2 Results 5.2.1 Geometric properties of microneedle patch 5.2.2 Drug encapsulation in microneedle patch 5.2.3 Mechanical strength of microneedle patch 5.2.4 Painkiller release from microneedle patch 5.2.5 Painkiller penetration through the skin 5.2.6 Interaction between microneedle material and drug 5.3 Discussion 5.4 Summary CHAPTER 6 - Microneedle Patch to Deliver Collagen through the Skin 6.1 Overview 6.2 Results 6.2.1 Manufacturing of photomask 6.2.2 Manufacturing of polymer-coated microneedles 6.2.3 Effect of microneedle backing layer volume 6.2.4 Microneedle fracture force testing 6.2.5 Microneedle penetration in human skin 6.2.6 Collagen penetration through rat skin 6.3 Discussion 6.4 Summary CHAPTER 7 - Recent trends in microneedle development & applications in medicine & cosmetics (2013-2018) 7.1 Therapeutics 7.1.1 Protein drugs 7.1.2 Vaccines 7.1.3 Small molecule drugs 7.1.4 Microneedle designs for transdermal drug delivery 7.1.5 Materials for microneedle fabrication used for transdermal delivery of therapeutic agents 7.1.6 Conclusion for the microneedle delivery of therapeutic agents 7.2 Cosmetics 7.2.1 Cosmeceutical agents delivered by microneedles and their cosmetic benefits 7.2.2 Types of microneedle devices in cosmeceutical application CHAPTER 8 - Conclusions & Future Directions8.1 Conclusions 8.2 Future Directions Index... Mehr