Infant Feeding: Anatomy of a Controversy 1973-1984

1. The Charges.- "Breast is Best".- Decline in Breast-Feeding.- The Vast Majority of Mothers Can Breast-Feed.- Health Hazards of Feeding Breast Milk Substitutes.- Infant Formula a Drain on National Resources.- Infant Formula Marketing.- 2. Medical and Scientific Commentary on Charges made against the Infant Food Industry.- Terminology.- The Charges.- Points of Agreement.- Breast is Best (with Few Exceptions).- Immune Properties of Breast Milk.- Hazards of Feeding Breast Milk Substitutes.- Breast-Feeding, Lactational Infertility, and Demography.- Mother-Infant Interrelationships.- Decline in Breast-Feeding.- Supplements, Complements and Weaning.- Breast or Bottle: a Non-Choice.- Supplementation in Traditional Society.- Can the Great Majority of Mothers Breast-Feed Successfully?.- The Adequacy of Exclusive Breast-Feeding.- Lactation in Malnourished Mothers.- Feed the Mother.- Does Faltering Matter?.- The Working Mother.- Concluding note.- 3. Origins of the Controversy.- Third World Context.- Feed the Mother.- Industry Participation.- PAG Statement No. 23.- ICIFI: Formalising Industry Cooperation.- The Debate Goes Public.- The New Internationalist Report.- The Baby Killer.- Policy Review.- 4. Focus on Nestlé The Bern Trial.- Naming Nestlé.- The Swiss Activists.- Identifying the Activists.- Suggested Settlement.- Defendant's Public Relations Strategy.- Reduced Charges.- Courtroom Testimony.- Nestlé Press Conference.- Written Testimony.- Back to the Courtroom.- Dr. Jelliffe's Testimony.- Final Hearings.- Summing Up.- The Judgement.- 5. The US Campaign.- Religious Groups' Support.- Shareholder Resolutions.- Shareholders Go To Court.- Nestlé in the US.- Formation of INFACT.- Launch of the Boycott.- First Meeting with INFACT.- Continuation of the Boycott.- Next: Political Action.- 6. Into the Political Arena.- Importance of Hearings.- Preparation for Testimony.- Choosing a Spokesman.- Questionable Credentials.- Fateful Statement.- Result of Hearings.- Follow-Up Meeting.- Into the Mouths of Babes.- ICIFI Enters the Scene.- Confrontation with the National Council of Churches.- Preparations for WHO Meeting.- 7. Developing International Recommendations: the WHO Code.- WHO Programme.- Politics of Policy-Making.- Planning the Meeting.- Working Groups.- Consensus on Marketing.- Nestlé's Response.- Nestlé's Checklist for Marketing Practices.- Activists Resurgent.- Development of ICIFI Model Code.- Industry "Violations".- Difficult Drafting Job.- Regulation or Recommendation?.- 8. Escalation of the Campaign and Nestlé's Response.- Escalation: Further Observations on the Controversy from Industry's Standpoint.- The Power of a Simple Message.- Playing on the Emotions.- Professional Endorsement.- Church, Politics and Press.- Nestlé's Response.- Development of Product and Marketing Policy.- Emphasis on Breast-Feeding.- Mothercraft Activities.- Medical Representatives.- Product Sampling and Free Supplies to Hospitals.- Safety in Preparation and Feeding.- Protecting Vulnerable Consumers.- United Methodist Task Force.- 9. Implementing the WHO Code.- ICIFI Disbanded.- Dialogue with the United Methodists.- Code Implementation at the National Level.- The Nestlé Instructions.- Audit Committee.- Nestlé Announces its New Policy.- Interpreting the WHO Code.- Revising the Nestlé Instructions.- Support for the Boycott Wanes.- 10. Resolution of the Conflict.- The "Four" Points.- January 1984 Discussions.- Nestlé Statement of Understanding.- Nestlé/INBC Agreement.- Boycott Suspension.- Termination of the Nestlé Boycott.- 11. Epilogue.- Appendix 1. The Nestlé Infant Formula Audit Commission - (NIFAC) Charter.- Appendix 2. Nestlé Statement of Understanding.- Appendix 3. Addendum to the Nestlé Statement of Understanding.... Mehr